Chemistry

Assignment: p-Block Elements

STUDY THE CHAPTER AS PER SCOPE AND DO THE FOLLOWING WRITTEN WORK:

Reference material : Refer ques-ans from Vatsal

slide share link: https://www.slideshare.net/LourduAnthoni/p-block-elements-12-classes

Written work to be done :

1. Solve board paper on this chapter for year 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020

SEND THE WRITTEN WORK THROUGH MAIL BY 25^TH OR 26^TH MARCH, 2020

monalisa.basak@dpsn.org.in

james.g.sharma@dpsn.org.in

26.03.2020 – 29.03.2020 : CHEMISTRY PROJECT GUIDELINE

CHEMISTRY PROJECT GUIDELINE

SESSION : 2020-21

CLASS XII

Project Work – 10 Marks

The candidate is to creatively execute one project/assignment on a selected topic of Chemistry.

Suggested Evaluation criteria for Project Work:

Ø Introduction / purpose

Ø Contents

Ø Analysis/ material aid (graph, data, structure, pie charts, histograms, diagrams, etc)

Ø Presentation

Ø Bibliography

Suggested Assignments:

1. Amino acids: Peptides, structure and classification, proteins structure and their role in the growth of living beings.

2. Nucleic Acid: DNA and RNA – their structure. Unique nature. Importance in evolution and their characteristic features.

3. Carbohydrates and their metabolism, Blood - haemoglobin and respiration.

4. Vitamins and hormones

5. Simple idea of chemical evolution.

6. Natural polymers (any five) - structure, characteristics, uses. Synthetic polymers (any five) - method of preparation, structure, characteristics and uses.

7. Types of Dyes - methods of preparation, characteristics and uses.

8. Chemicals in medicines: antiseptics, antibiotics, antacids, etc. and their uses.

9. Preparation of soap, nail polish, boot polish, varnish, nail polish remover, shampoo and perfumes.

10. Chemicals and chemical processes in forensic studies.

11. Insecticides, pesticides and chemical fertilisers.

12. Ancient Indian medicines and medicinal plants.

13. Organic Chemistry in Nutrition, Food Science and Biotechnology.

14. Effect of Green House Gases.

15. How Plastics have changed the world, both socially and economically.

Note: The following points should be maintained while writing the project file.

1. Minimum pages should be 35 (in total) for class XII.

2. All white pages should contain minimum one picture.

3. Hand-drawn and printed pictures both should be there in the file.

4. Blue or Black colour ink can be used.

5. For high lighting any shade of blue or black can be used. No red, pink, orange, purple or green pen should be used in the file.

6. Every subtopic should be separated from other with a film paper.

7. Each project should contain experimental data or case-study.

Scope: Class XII

Group-15 Elements Position in the periodic table, occurrence, electronic configuration, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties.

Nitrogen: preparation properties and its uses; compounds of nitrogen: oxides of nitrogen. Ammonia and nitric acid – preparation and properties.

Phosphorus - allotropic forms, compounds of phosphorus: preparation and properties of phosphine, halides and oxoacids.

(i) General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states. Trends in physical properties; chemical properties with hydrogen, oxygen and halogens.

(ii) Nitrogen - Laboratory preparation, decomposition (ammonium dichromate, barium azide). Properties and uses.

(iii) Oxides of nitrogen (N₂O, NO, N₂O₃, N₂O₄, N₂O₅) - preparation, structure and uses.

(iv) Ammonia – Preparation and manufacture. Properties: reaction with oxygen, copper oxide, chlorine, hydrochloric acid, formation of complexes. Uses.

(v) Nitric Acid - Preparation and manufacture. Properties: reaction with copper (dilute and 184 concentrated HNO₃), carbon and sulphur. Uses.

(vi) Allotropes of phosphorus and their structures. Phosphine – preparation from phosphorus and properties: reaction with halo acids). Phosphorus trichloride - Preparation from phosphorous. Uses. Phosphorus pentachloride - preparation from PCl₃. Thermal dissociation and hydrolysis. Uses, properties. Oxoacids of phosphorus (structures and preparation only).

Group-16 Elements Position in the periodic table, occurrence, electronic configuration, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties.

Oxygen: methods of preparation, properties and uses, classification of oxides. Ozone – methods of preparation. Sulphur -allotropic forms. Compounds of sulphur: preparation, properties and uses of sulphurdioxide, sulphuric acid (industrial process of manufacture). Oxoacids of sulphur (structuresonly).

(i) Electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence. Trends in physical properties; chemical properties with hydrogen, oxygen and halogens.

(ii) Oxygen – lab method of preparation, formation of oxides with metals and nonmetals and their common nature.

(iii) Ozone: manufacture by Siemen’s ozoniser, thermal decomposition of ozone, its oxidising nature – reaction with lead sulphide, potassium iodide and mercury, its uses. (iv) Sulphur: allotropes of sulphur - rhombic, monoclinic, structure of sulphur and action of heat; extraction by Frasch process.

(v) Sulphur dioxide: laboratory and industrial preparation from sulphites and sulphide ores, reaction of sulphur dioxide with NaOH, Cl₂, KMnO₄ and structure of SO₂.

(vi) Oxoacids of sulphur: structures only. Sulphuric Acid: manufacture by Contact Process (equations, conditions and diagram), properties - acidic nature, mode of dilution, oxidising action, dehydrating nature and uses of sulphuric acid in industry.

Group-17 Elements Position in the periodic table, occurrence, electronic configuration, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; Preparation, properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid. Compound of halogen, oxoacids of halogens (structures only), Interhalogen compounds.

(i) General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states. Trends in physical properties and chemical properties (hydrogen, oxygen, halogens and metals).

(ii) Chlorine – preparation from MnO₂ and HCl, from NaCl, MnO₂ and conc. H₂SO₄ (only equations), reactions of chlorine with H₂S, NH₃, cold, dilute NaOH and hot, concentrated NaOH.

(iii)Hydrochloric acid: Lab preparation, its acidic nature, reaction with ammonia, carbonates and sulphites, formation of aqua regia and its uses.

(iv)Oxoacids of halogens: structures and acidic property.

(v)Interhalogen compounds – structure, hybridisation and shapes: XX′, XX′3, XX′5, XX′₇.

Group-18 Elements Position in the periodic table, occurrence, electronic configuration, trends in physical and chemical properties, inert nature, uses.

(i) General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical; chemical properties, state and low reactivity.

(ii) Formation of xenon compounds with fluorine and oxygen (equations only), hybridisation, shape and structure of compounds.

(iii) Uses of noble gases.