Geography

Topic: Chapter 1- Earth as a planet

• The shape of the Earth

• Evidence- Satellite pictures

• Earth as an oblate spheroid

• Earth as the home of humankind

• Distance from the Sun

• Temperature

• Atmosphere

• Water

• Lithosphere

• Biosphere

• Life-giving cycles

• Carbon Cycle

• Nitrogen Cycle

• Oxygen Cycle

1. What is the shape of the Earth called?

2. State the equatorial and polar diameter of the Earth.

3. State two most important gases present in the Earth’s atmosphere.

4. What is the average mean temperature of the earth’s atmosphere?

5. What is lithosphere?

6. Give reasons for the following:

(a) The Earth is not a perfect sphere.

(b) The atmosphere acts as a protective blanket. (One point)

(c) The Earth is called a blue planet.

(d) Venus is hotter than Mercury.

(e) Water bodies reduce the day-night temperature variations. (10 marks)

Week: 23^rd – 30^th March

Topic: Ecological Disasters (First term project)

Project details are as follows:

Topic: Ecological Disasters

• Introduction: Definition of disaster and its types (natural and manmade).- 1 page

• Brief description on different types of natural and man-made disasters like floods, droughts, landslides, cyclones, earth quakes, volcanoes, nuclear disasters, etc. – maximum 3 pages

• Case study: Any one natural disaster (Students can select any one disaster)

o Causes- 1 page

o Areas affected-1 page

o Effects- 1 page

o Measures taken- 1 page

o Importance of satellite imageries and other modern technologies in forecasting and tackling the situation-3 pages

• Conclusion- 1 page

• Acknowledgement-1 page

• Bibliography- 1 page

Points to note:

• Project should be done on file pages (which is used to do projects).

• Project should not be more than 15 pages including introduction, conclusion, bibliography and acknowledgement.

• Black or blue pen to be used.

• Use of colour pencils or glitter pens or any other things to decorate is not allowed.

• Students should use paper cuttings, maps and pictures given in the newspapers or which is available in the internet.

• Suitable pictures and maps to be pasted on the white page.

• It is mandatory to give title and borders for the maps and pictures.

• Project to be covered with brown paper and labelled properly.

• Project to be submitted on the School reopening week.

· Students can clarify their doubts with their respective teachers. E-mail addresses of the teachers are given below

Assignment:

1. What gives the idea about the interior structure of the earth? [2]

2. Write two differences between SIAL and SIMA. [2]

3. Which layer is the source of Earth’s magnetic field? Why? [2]

4. Name the following:

(a) The layer which is called mineral skin.

(b) The boundary between crust and mantle.

(c) The boundary between mantle and core.

(d) The densest part of the earth. [4]

5. Give reasons for the following:

(a) The inner core of the earth is in a solid state.

(b) SIAL appears to float above SIMA.

(c) The core is found deep inside the earth. [3]

6. Refer the diagram given in the textbook (page number 36) and name the layers of the interior of the earth for (2), (3), (4) and (5) [2]

Assignment:

1. Define the following:

(a) Mountain

(b) Residual Mountain

(c) Intermontane Plateau

(d) Plain

(e) Plateau [5]

2. Distinguish between Young Fold Mountains and Old Fold Mountains. [2]

3. Briefly eexplain the formation of Block mountains. [2]

4. State one difference between Fold Mountain and Residual Mountain. [1]

5. State the type of landforms for the following:

(Example: Tibetan Plateau- Intermontane Plateau)

(a) Black Forest Mountains

(b) Northern Plains of India

(c) Columbian Plateau

(d) Andes

(e) Rajmahal Hills [5]

Assignment:

1. Define the following:

(a) Geographic grid

(b) Lines of latitude

(c) Lines of longitude

(d) Standard Time

(e) Greenwich Mean Time [5]

2. Distinguish between Equator and Prime Meridian. [2]

3. Draw and explain three heat zones of the Earth. [2]

4. Give reasons for the following:

(a) There is a time difference of 4 minutes for 1⁰longitude.

(b) Airplanes always cannot follow Great Circle routes. [2]

Please note:

• Students should read text book (pages 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21)

• Diagrams to learn from this chapter: Fig. 2.2(a), 2.2(b) and Fig. 2.4

• Assignment to be submitted on or before 18 th April

• Assignment to be submitted to the respective teacher of your section.

Question 1

On the outline map of world provided:

(a) Shade and label Persian Gulf

(b) Shade and label Gulf of Guinea

(c) Shade and label North Sea

(d) Shade and label Caribbean Sea

(e) Shade and label Hudson Bay

(f) Shade and label Gulf of Carpentaria

(g) Shade and label South China Sea

(h) Shade and label Bering Strait

(i) Shade and label Strait of Malacca

(j) Shade and label Mediterranean Sea [1x10=10]

Assignment:

1. Calculate the time of Town X (10^oE), if the time is 8:00 am at Town Y(40^oE).

2. If the time is 10:00pm, Sunday at 30^oW, what will be the time at 30^oE?

3. If the time is 4:00 am, Tuesday at 60^oE, what will be the time at 15^oW?

4. At Town A (10^oE) time is 12:00 pm and at town B time is 4:00 pm. Find the longitude of Town B.

5. At Town X (20^oW) time is 5:00 am and at town Y time is 2:00 am. Find the longitude of Town Y. [3x5=15]

Assignment:

1. Define

a) Earthquake intensity

b) Seismic focus

c) Epicentre [3]

2. State two natural causes of earthquake. [2]

3. Distinguish between Richter Scale and Mercalli Scale [2]

4. Briefly explain two destructive effects of earthquake. [2]

5. Name two belts where most of the earthquake occur [2]

6. How are earthquake useful? [1]

Week 1

Week: 30^th March – 5^th April

Topic: Waste management (First term project):

Project details are as follows: Topic- Waste management

• Introduction: Waste- meaning and sources of waste- 2 pages

• Waste generation-1 page

• Need for Waste segregation- 1 page

• Methods of waste disposal-3 pages

o Dumping

o Sanitary landfill

o Compositing

o Incineration

o 3 R’s

• Case study- Strategies on biomedical waste management in India-2 pages

• Conclusion- 1 page

• Acknowledgement-1 page

• Bibliography- 1 page

Assignment:

1. What is natural vegetation? Write any two natural factors responsible for the growth of natural vegetation. [2]

3. State the natural vegetation type and one state each where following trees are found:

(a) Mahogany (b) Teak (c) Gurjan (d) Deodar (e) Babool [5]

4. Write three characteristics each of Tropical evergreen, Tropical deciduous, Tropical desert, Tidal and Mountain forests in India. [15]

5. Give reasons for the following:

(a) Tropical evergreen forests are not economically exploited.

(b) Tropical desert vegetation has spines.

(c) Tropical deciduous forests are also called monsoon forests. [3]

Assignment:

Question 1

On the outline map of India provided:

(a) Mark and label river Yamuna

(b) Mark and label river Beas

(c) Mark and label river Kosi

(d) Mark and label river Brahmaputra

(e) Mark and label tributary of river Krishna

(f) Draw and label Standard Meridian of India

(g) Mark and label one coal mine

(h) Mark and label Digboi

(i) Mark and name IT capital of India

(j) Mark and label Vishakapatnam [1x10=10]

Question 2

On the outline map of India provided:

(a) Mark and label river Ghagara

(b) Mark and label river Chambal

(c) Mark and label river Indus

(d) Mark and label river Damodar

(e) Mark and label river Tapi

(f) Draw and label Tropic of Cancer

(g) Mark and label one Iron ore mine

(h) Mark and label Mumbai High

(i) Mark and name capital of West Bengal

(j) Mark and label River Hyderabad [1x10=10]

Please note:

• Students can take printout of map1 for practice.

• If printer is not available, you can use map given in pages 66-69 in class X text book.

• Students are advised to use light blue colour pencil for marking rivers and normal

pencil or pen for latitude, longitude, passes, towns, cities and mines.

• Students can send pictures of maps given as assignments.

• Assignment to be submitted on or before 19 th April.

• Assignment to be submitted to the respective teacher of your section.

Please note:

• Students should refer text book pages 19 and 20 for symbols.

• Students should refer first toposheet (45D/7) given in the text book with eastings 91-01

and northings 73-83.

• Students will do assignments only after the explanation given by the teacher through

online class.

• Assignment to be submitted on or before 26th April.

• Assignment to be submitted to the respective teacher of your section.

Assignment:

1. What is irrigation? State any two conventional and two modern means of irrigation. [2]

2. What is the difference between surface water and ground water? [2]

3. Give three reasons why irrigation is necessary in India. [3] 4. State any two conventional rainwater harvesting methods in India. [2]

5. What is rainwater harvesting? Write its two objectives. [3]

6. Give reasons for the following:

(a) Tubewell irrigation is more important than ordinary wells for irrigation.

(b) Tank irrigation is important in the Deccan peninsula.

Inundation canals are called ‘flood-water canals’

Assignment:

1. What are three track systems and its width in the Indian railways? [3]

2. Prepare a chart showing two advantages and two disadvantages of road, rail, air and

water transport in India. [8]

3. What are Expressways? Give two examples. [2]

4. Give reasons for the following:

(a) Railways are not common in North East India.

(b) The peninsular rivers are not ideal for inland water transport.

(c) Airways are quite useful during natural calamity. [3]

Week 1

Assignment:

1. Describe the following methods for calculating the age of the earth:

(a) Tidal force

(b) Sedimentation

(c) Salinity of the ocean

(d) Radioactivity [8]

2. Mention two drawbacks of sedimentation theory of the origin of the earth. [2]

3. Describe the Big Bang Theory regarding the origin of the universe. [2]

Assignment:

1. Define the following:

(a) Seismology

(b) Asthenosphere

(c) NIFE

(d) Shadow Zone [4]

2. Distinguish between the following:

(a) P-waves and S-waves

(b) Mohorovicic discontinuity and Gutenberg discontinuity

(c) Sial and Sima [6]

3. Draw a diagram showing internal structure of the earth. [4]

4. How do the earthquake waves and temperature help us in knowing about the

interior of the earth. [6]

Week 1: 17^th – 22^th March

Chapter/ Topic:

Chapter 1: Locational setting of India

Based on the portion of the topic already done in the extra classes the following questions are to be answered given below in the assignment section.

Content: Latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India

• Reasons supporting India to be named a subcontinent

• The time difference and latitudinal difference between the easternmost and westernmost points of India

• The adjoining countries around India

• The strategic position in India

• Comparison between India, China and Australia.

Week: 2 (23^rd – 26^th March)

Chapter/ Topic: GEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION AND STRUCTURE

Content: Basic definitions: geology, era, periods,physiography,geological structure, stratigraphy

· The main geological eras with reference to Indian geology

· Geological evolution of The Himalayas, The Peninsular Plateau and The Great Plains

· Difference between Peninsular Plateau and the Himlayas

Assignment:

1. Explain the formation of Himalayas with reference to the Plate tectonic theory. [3]

2. Briefly explain the geological evolution of the peninsular India. [2]

3. Name any two standard geological eras, along with their duration. [2]

4. Define : [Each 1 mark]

· Geology

· Era

· Period

· Physiography

· Geological structure

· Stratigraphy

5. State any three differences between The Himalayas and The Peninsular Plateau. [3]

REFERENCES: D.R.KHULLAR

GEOSYNCLINE: a large scale depression in the Earth’s crust containing thick sediment deposits in the bottom. Tethys sea.

HORST: a raised fault block bounded by subsided normal faults.

TOPIC: DRAINAGE OF INDIA

CONTENT:

Ø THE THREE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS OF INDIA

1. INDUS

2. GANGA

3. BRAHMAPUTRA

Ø THE EAST AND THE WEST FLOWING RIVERS IN INDIA

Ø A COMPARATIVE STUDY BASED ON THE SOURCE, MOUTH AND THE MAJOR LEFT AND RIGHT BANK TRIBUTARIES OF RIVERS IN INDIA

Ø DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE HIMALAYAN AND THE PENINSULAR RIVER SYSTEMS

REFER TO THE POWERPOINT PRESENTATION ATTACHED

ASSIGNMENTS:

Answer the following questions:

Write brief notes on the following: 1+1+1

• Social forestry

• Agro forestry

• Community forestry

Answer the following:

1. Why tropical forests named ‘evergreen’? Why are they not very important economically? (2)

2. Why are stilt roots present in tidal forests? (1)

3. Why is there a higher percentage of forest cover in North Eastern states of India? (1)

4. Why is tropical deciduous forests economically important? (1)

5. ‘Man finds forests but leaves deserts’---justify the statement in India context. (1)

6. List three measures undertaken by the government to conserve and develop forestry in India. (3)

7. Write two objectives of urban forestry. (2)

8. Write two difference between flora and forest. (2)

9. Give two reasons for the success of Chipko movement. (2)

10. State how rainfall and temperature influence the vegetation type in India. (2)

LAST DATE OF SUBMISSION: 9/4/20

REFERENCE: D.R.KHULLAR AS PER SCOPE OF THE SYLLABUS

TOPIC: MAP OF INDIA

CLIMATE OF INDIA (Temperature and Rainfall graphs)

CONTENT:

MAP OF INDIA

TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL GRAPHS

ASSIGNMENTS:

MAP WORK

PRACTICE THE MAIN AREAS OF TROPICAL EVERGREEN, TROPICAL DECIDUOUS, TROPICAL DRY,

DELTAIC AND ARID FORESTS.

MARK THE CITIES OF DELHI, MUMBAI, CHENNAI, KOLKATA, BENGALURU, HYDERABAD,

AHMEDABAD, JAIPUR, PATNA.