History

A federation is a distribution of legislative, executive and financial powers between the Centre and the States. Rajya Sabha has a federal character and acts as the representative of the states.

Q2.What are the important components of the Indian Parliament?

The President, the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.

Q3.What is the composition of the Lok Sabha?

The Lok Sabha is commonly called the Lower House of the Parliament.

· The maximum strength of the LS provided by the Constitution is 552, out which 530 represent the state and 20 represent the Union Territories.

· 2 members of the Anglo Indian community are nominated by the President, if they are not adequately represented.

· Effective strength of the current Lok Sabha is 545.

· The allotment of members to the various states is based on population .

Q4. What is the basis of reservation of seats in the Lok Sabha?

Seats in the Lok Sabha are reserved for the Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes .

Q5. What is meant by universal adult franchise?

· The House is constituted by direct election on the basis of universal adult franchise.

· Every person who is above the age of 18 years can vote, irrespective of caste, creed, religion, gender, if not otherwise disqualified.

Q5. Why does the Constitution promote secret voting?

Elections are held by secret voting , so that the voter may indicate his choice in favour of any candidate without any fear.

Q6. What are parliamentary constituencies?

A parliamentary constituency is a well defined territorial area, which is called upon to elect someone to represent the area in the Lok Sabha.

Q7.What are the qualifications required for a person to be a member of the Lok Sabha?

· Must be a citizen of India.

· Must not be less than 25 yrs of age

· Must possess all other qualifications as prescribed by the laws made by the Parliament.

· Should be registered as a voter in any of the Parliamentary constituencies.

Q8. Under what circumstances can a Lok Sabha member be disqualified ?

· If a person hold an office of profit under the Government of India or any of the States[an employment or a position which will bring financial gain for a person].

· If a person is of unsound mind,and declared so by a competent court.

· If a person is an undischarged insolvent.

· If a person has stopped being a citizen of the country.

· If a person is disqualified by other laws of the Parliament[eg.

-guilty of certain election offences, cruelty towards women]

Q9.Who administers the oath of office to the members of the Lok Sabha?

The President.

Q10. Under what circumstances can a seat fall vacant in either House of the Parliament?

· If a member resigns by writing to the Speaker or the Chairman of the House.

· If a member is without permission of the House, absent from all meetings for a period of 60 days.

· If a member is subject to any disqualification laid down in the Constitution.

· If a person is disqualified on grounds of Defection.

Q11.What is the tenure of the Lok Sabha?

· The term of the House if 5 years.

· When an Emergency is declared , the term of the House may be extended, one year at a time.

· The term can end before 5 years, if a no-confidence motion is passed by the Opposition.

Q12. What is meant by a ‘session’ and what is the interlude permitted between two sessions? How many sessions are held in the Parliament?

· The session means a period during which the House meets to conduct its business.

· The sessions of each House are summoned by the President.

· There shall not be gap of more than 6 months between two sessions.

· The three sessions are: the Budget session, the Monsoon session and the Winter session.

Q13.What is meant by ‘quorum’?

· Quorum is the minimum number of members required to be present for the business of the House to begin.

· It is 1/10 of the total strength of the House.

Q14. Who is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha?How is this official selected and removed from power?

· The Speaker is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha.

· The Speaker is selected from amongst the members of the Lok Sabha , by a 2/3 rd majority present and voting, after a General Election.

· The Speaker holds office, until he ceases to be a member of the House or he himself resigns from his office.

· The Speaker can be removed from office by a resolution passed by a majority of all the members of the House.

· The Speaker does not vacate his office on dissolution of a House.

Q15.Elaborate on the functions of the Speaker.

i. The Speaker regulates debates and discussions in the Lok Sabha.

ii. All Bills passed by the House are authenticated by the Speaker’s signature.

iii. If any question arises, whether a Bill is a money Bill or not, the Speaker’s decision is final.

iv. When the votes for or against a motion are equal, the Speaker gives a casting vote.

v. The Speaker preserves order in the House and may name a member for suspension.

vi. The Speaker communicates the decisions of the House to the concerned authorities.

vii. The Speaker presides over the Joint Sitting of both the Houses of the Parliament.

viii. The Speaker’s decision is final, with respect to disqualification under the Anti-Defection Law.

Q16. Elucidate on the advantages of the Lok Sabha and discuss its role and functions.

· The Lok Sabha is the mirror and voice of the nation, as it has as its members, representatives of people directly elected.

· It is the maker of the government- an important function of the Lok Sabha is to make, support and throw the government, if they do not have the support of the House.

· The Council of ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. The ministers should resign as soon as it loses the confidence of the Lok Sabha.

· Controller of the National Purse- Money Bills can only be passed in the Lok Sabha. The power of the Lok Sabha over national income and expenditure is absolute.

· A forum, where people ventilates their feelings and grievances, through their elected representatives .

· Educational role of the House-Through its debates and discussions, spreads political awareness. The Opposition through its debates exposes the weaknesses of the government to the people.

Topic 2: The Central Government

The-Central-Government

Assignment 2

Please note: Learn the answers given below and refer to the books if required.

RAJYA SABHA

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN BRIEF

1) Why the RS is called a Permanent house?

The RS cannot be dissolved at any time that is why it is called a permanent house. One third members retire every two years and fresh elections take place to fill these seats.

2) Who is the ex- officiochairperson of the RS?

The vice president of India is the ex- officio chair person of the RS.

3) Sachin Tendulkar was nominated by the President to the Rajya sabha. Mention any one criteria on which the President would have nominated him.

Sachin Tendulkar is an Indian citizen who have excelled in the field of cricket. So he was nominated as the member of RS.

4) How are RS members elected?

The Electoral College made up of elected members of State Legislative assemblies elect the members of the RS.

5) Who presides over the meetings of the RS in absence of the Vice President of India?

The Deputy Chairman presides over the meetings in such cases.

6) Name the bill which cannot originate in RS?

A money bill can only be introduced in the LS with the approval of the President.

7) How long can the RS retain the money bill sent by the LS?

RS can retain a money bill for 14 days.

8) Mention one difference in the election of the LS and RS members as far as the electorate is concerned?

The members of the LS are directly elected while the members of the RS are indirectly elected by the citizens.

9) Mention any one situation when both the houses of the parliament meet for a joint session.

One instance when the two houses of the parliament have a joint session is when they do not agree on a non money bill. This session is presided by the speaker and finally the will of the LS prevails.

10) Who presides over the joint session of the two houses of the Parliament?

The Speaker.

11) To whom must an MP address his letter of resignation?

An MP must address his resignation letter to the speaker.

12) Who can make laws on subjects which are not specifically mentioned in the three lists?

The parliament can make laws on subjects not mentioned in any list.

13) What is meant by ‘Residuary Powers’ of the parliament?

The Parliament can make laws on subjects which are not mentioned in any list. These subjects, which are not in any list, are the residuary subjects and the powers to make laws on these subject are called residuary powers.

14) What is a budget?

A budget is a statement containing estimates of expenses and income of a state or central government, passed by the Assemblies or the Parliament.

15) Explain the tenure of the members of the Lok sabha and Rajya sabha.

The members of the LS are directly elected for a period of 5 years. The LS can be dissolved by the president before the expiry of its term if a no confidence motion is passed in the parliament.

Members of RS are indirectly elected for 6 years. I/3 rd of its members retire every 2 years and a equal numbers of the members are elected. Therefore the RS is a permanent body and does not dissolve.

16) On what basis have the seats been allotted to the various states and Union territories?

Seats are alloted to various states and Union territories on the basis of their population.

17) What is the maximum gap allowed between two parliamentary sessions?

6 monthes.

STRUCTURED ANSWERS.

1) The RS is a permanent House. With reference to this, answer the following questions.

a) Mention 2 ways in which the RS can control the Executive. Explain one of its limitations in this regard.

The RS can control the executive in the following ways-

i.The members of the RS can question the executive in the parliament to seek information from them regarding administration and criticize its policies.

ii. Adjournment motions tabled by the RS on urgent matters bring to the fore the inefficient handling by the government of any serious or urgent matters.

Limitations- The RS cannot remove the council of ministers from office.

b) How many members constitute the RS? How are the members elected to the RS?

RS has altogether 250 members. 12 of these are nominated by the President. Except the nominated members, the rest are elected by means of single transferable vote by elected members of state legislative Assemblies.

c) Mention 4 special powers of the RS.

RS has the power , by two third majority to pass a resolution and shift the subject from the State list to the concurrent list so that the parliament can make laws on the state subject.

ii. The RS being a permanent House never dissolves.

iii.The RS can create a new all India Service.

iv. A resolution seeking removal of the Vice President can originate only in the RS.

2) With reference to the parliament, give reasons to justify that the LS is more powerful than the RS.

The members of the LS are directly elected by the citizens which means that they are supported by the Indian citizens. The RS members are indirectly elected by the State Legislative members so they represent the various states.

The PM and his council of ministers are responsible to the LS. If the LS pass a no confidence motion, against council of ministers the ministry has to resign. But if the RS passes a vote of NO Confidence against the ministers it need not resign.

A money Bill can only originate in the LS. The RS can only make suggestions which may or may not be accepted within 14 days. If the RS does not return a money bill it means that it has been passed by the RS. All these features prove LS is more powerful than RS.

In a case of a deadlock between the 2 houses over a bill, the will of the LS prevails in the joint session due to numerical strength.

Q3) The two houses of the Parliament enjoy co-equal powers in many spheres. Explain by giving three examples.

1. Both the Lok Sabha and RS have co equal powers as far as election of President and Vice President is concerned.

2. The impeachment resolution against President or judges of the Supreme Court and High Court can be moved in either House and must be passed by the 2 Houses with 2/3^rd majority.

3. A Non money Bill can be introduced both in lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.

4. They both have the same power in the amendment of the Constitution.

Q4) Mention an instance when Parliament can make laws on State list.Explain the power of the Parliament in respect to State List and Concurrent List.

i.Parliament can make laws in matters of State list when there is a general emergency.

ii.When 2 or more States ask the Parliament to do so applicable only to the State who have requested.

iii.The Parliament has exclusive right to make laws on subjects of the Union List.The parliament and State have co equal powers over subjects in the concurrent list. Laws of the parliament will prevail if there is conflict if there is a conflicting law made by the Sate Legislature.

Q5) Mention any two Judicial Powers and two electoral powers of the Indian Parliament.

The parliament has the judicial power to impeach or remove the President. The charges against the president can be placed in either House of the Parliament supported by 2/3^rd majority of the House.These charges are invested by the second house and if accepted by a similar majorityin the second House, the President stands impeached or removed.

The Parliament can remove judges of the SC , HC, Election Commissioner and many others when a resolution to do so,supported by 2/3^rd majority, is passed in both House of the Parliament. The parliament has the power to try a person for its contempt.

The Electoral Powers-The Vice president is jointly elected by the members of the Parliament.

The president is elected jointly by the elected members of the Parliament and elected members of State legislatures.

Week 3

Topic: FIRST WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

First War of Independence

Assignment

ASSIGNMENT ON FIRST WAR OF INDEPENDENCE.

Read the text book after watching the PPT and the films. Get an overall idea of the movement and then answer the following questions

1. In which year did the rebellion take place? Mention the prominent leaders .

2. Enumerate the socio- religious causes of this movement.

3. Mention any two laws passed by the British that caused discontentment among the natives.

4. What were the military and economic causes of the event?

5. How did the Doctrine of Lapse become the main cause of discontentment?What were the other political causes?

6. Make a list of administrative changes undertaken by the colonialists after the event.

7. What were the Queen’s PROMISES to her subjects?

8. What were the changes brought into the British Indian Army?

9. ENUMERATE the significance of this movement.

10.Apply the knowledge gained from this lesson to write a brief synopsis of the WAR OF 1857 in your own words within 50 words

Date of submission 7^th April.

Week 4

Topic: THE UNION EXECUTIVE-THE PRESIDENT OF INDIA

PPT PRESIDENT

Assignment

ASSIGNMENT –TOPIC: THE UNION EXECUTIVE (THE PRESIDENT)

Q1.What is a parliamentary form of government?

Q2.What are the qualifications required for a person to be elected as a President?

Q3.Why is the President said to be the nominal head of the country?

Q4.What is the term of office of the President?

Q5.How can the President be impeached?

Q6.How can the seat of the President fall vacant?

Q7.Explain the process of election of the President.

Q8.Who administers the oath of office to the President?

Q9. With reference to the powers of the President, answer the following questions[4 points each]

a.Executive powers

b. Legislative powers

c.Military powers

d. Judicial powers

e. Discretionary powers.

Q10.Name the three types of emergencies.

Q11.Mention the differences in the election of the President and the Vice-President. [3 diff]

Q12. How is the Vice-President elected?

Q13. Discuss the functions of the Vice-President.

Date of submission 25/4/20

Week 5

Topic: Rise of Nationalism

Assignment

RISE OF NATIONALISM

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONSIN BRIEF

1. What is meant by the term Nationalism?

2. State two factors responsible for growth of Nationalism in India. Mention any two of his contributions

3. Mention any two repressive colonial policies of lord Lytton.

4. What was the influence of western education on the minds of educated Indians in the 19^th century?

5. Which social reformer is known as the Father of Modern India?

6. Mention two contributions of Jyotiba Phule in the growth of Nationalism.

7. Who founded the Indian National Congress? Mention its objectives in brief.

8. What was the main objective of Satya Shodhak samaj?

9. What was the role of press in promoting nationalistic sentiments.

10. Name any two precursors of Indian national Congress.

Class XI

Week 1

Indian History: Chapter: Growth of Nationalism : Swadeshi Movement and Partition of Bengal

History Of Modern India.pdf

Class XII

Week 1

Emily Davison - Deeds Not Words

Emily Davison - Deeds Not Words.mp4

Post Independence state reorganization in India

Post Independence state reorganization in India.mp4

The Women's Movement in the USA

Linguistic Reorganisations of States: Explanation

Assignment 1: Linguistic Reorganisations of States

ONLINE ASSIGNMENT- LINGUISTIC REORGANISATION OF STATES.

Answer the following questions in brief. [1 mark each]

Q1.Which state was formed in 1953, on the basis of linguistic identity?

Q2. Name the personality who became a martyr for the cause of the creation of the separate state of Andhra.

Q3. Which cabinet minister resigned from the Congress ministry, demanding the creation of Maharashtra?

Q4. Why was the demand for Punjab different from that of Andhra and Maharashtra?

Q5.Name the members of the States Reorganization Committee.

Q6. Name the states of PEPSU.

Q7. Elaborate on the circumstances leading to the formation of the states of Andhra, Maharashtra and Punjab. [4X3=12]

Assignment 2: Feminist Movement in USA

ONLINE ASSIGNMENT: FEMINIST MOVEMENT IN USA.

Answer the following questions in brief. [1 mark each]

Q1.Name the first President of the National Organization of Women.

Q2.Who wrote the book The Feminine Mystique that sparked off the Second Wave of American Feminism in the 20^th Century.

Q3. Name the book written by Betty Friedan that sparked off the second wave of American Feminism in the 20^th century.

Q4.Why did the ERA fail to get passed?

Q5. Discuss the circumstances which led to the passage of ERA. [6]

Q6. Evaluate the impact of the Presidential Commission on the Feminist Movement in USA[1960s- 1980s]. [6]

Q7 . Give an account of the Feminist Movement in USA from 1960 to 1980, with special reference to the role played by NOW. [6]

Week 2

Naxal Movement in India: Explanation

Naxal Movement in India: Related videos

Assignment 1: Naxal Movement in India

Q1. Name two prominent Naxal leaders of Bengal. (1)

Q2. What is the significance of the historic 8 documents?(1)

Q3. Name the areas of the red corridor. (1)

Q4. Name the Naxal leader of the Bastar Andhra region. (1)

Q5. Elucidate on the circumstances which led to the development of the Naxal movement in Bengal. (6)

Q6 What role did the students play in the Naxal movement? (6)

Q7. Elaborate on the measures adopted by the government to curb Naxalite activities in India. (6)

Week 3

TOPIC 1 : Towards Equality Report – Feminist movement in India

Assignment 1

TOPIC – Towards Equality Report – Feminist movement in India

Q1. Name the first government report on gender equality in India and in which year

was it published? (1)

Q2. Name two organizations fighting for women 's rights in India. (1)

Q3. What was the key issue which was highlighted in the Towards Equality Report

by the government of India? (1)

Q4. Trace the circumstances leading to the publication of the Towards Equality

Report and assess it's importance in gender studies in India. (6+6)

DATE OF SUBMISSION – 07/04/2020

Topic 2: POLICY OF APPEASEMENT IN THE INTER -WAR YEARS.

Assignment 2

TOPIC:POLICY OF APPEASEMENT IN THE INTER-WAR YEARS.

Q1.What is meant by ‘appeasement’? [1]

Q2. Name the leader who played a pro-active part in appeasing the Axis power, post 1937. [1]

Q3. How can appeasement be justified? [6]

Q4.Mention the circumstances where appeasement was at work. [6]

Q5. Why did Hitler want to destroy Czechoslovakia? [6]

Q6.Trace the circumstances which culminated in the Munich Conference of

1938. [6] OR How did Hitler take control of Czechoslovakia?

DATE OF SUBMISSION:7/4/20

Week 4

TOPIC: FACTORS LEADING TO THE SECOND WORLD WAR: AGGRESSIVE POLICIES OF ITALY, JAPAN AND GERMANY.

Assignment 1

TOPIC 1: JAPAN IN THE INTER-WAR YEARS

PLEASE REFER TO THE FOLLOWING PAGES IN THE BOOK-MASTERING MODERN WORLD HISTORY BY NORMAN LOWE.

ü RISE OF MILITARY DICTATORSHIP IN JAPAN- PAGES 336-338

ü JAPANESE CONQUEST OF MANCHURIA-PAGES 70-72

Q1. Elaborate on the circumstances which led to the rise of military dictatorship in Japan. [6]

Q2. What circumstances led Japan to conquer Manchuria? [6]

DATE OF SUBMISSION-14/4/20

Assignment 2

TOPIC 2: ITALY IN THE INTER-WAR YEARS

PLEASE REFER TO THE FOLLOWING PAGES IN THE BOOK-MASTERING MODERN WORLD HISTORY BY NORMAN LOWE.

ü MUSSOLINI’S FOREIGN POLICY –PAGES 72-75.

Q1. Discuss the features of Mussolini’s foreign policy between the years 1923-34. [6]

Q2. What were the motives of Mussolini’s foreign policy?[1]

Q3.How did Mussolini’s foreign policy change after 1935? [6]

Q4. Elaborate on the motives, events and results of the Italian invasion of Abyssinia . [6]

Q5.Why did Mussolini support General Franco in the Spanish civil War?[1]

Q6.How did the Rome-Berlin-Tokya axis develop?[1]

Q7.Mention the significance of the Pact of Steel.[1]

DATE OF SUBMISSION-14/4/20

Assignment 3

TOPIC 2: GERMANY IN THE INTER-WAR YEARS

PLEASE REFER TO THE FOLLOWING PAGES IN THE BOOK-MASTERING MODERN WORLD HISTORY BY NORMAN LOWE.

ü HITLER’S FOREIGN POLICY –PAGES 75-77.

Q1. How did Hitler aim to make Germany a great power again? [6]

Q2.Which was the first instance of the breach of the Treaty of Versailles?[1]

Q3.Elucidate on the series of success in Hitler’s foreign policy between 1933 and 1938. [6]

Q4. What is ‘anschluss’?How did Hitler manage to complete anschluss in 1938? [1+5]

DATE OF SUBMISSION-18/4/20

Week 5

Topic 1: Towards the Last Phase

socialist ideas& kisan sabha.pdf

privincial autonomy.pdf

Assignment

TOPIC-TOWARDS THE LAST PHASE

PLEASE STUDY FROM THE STUDY RESOURCES ATTACHED.

1.IMPORTANT POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS:

i. Name two important leaders in the Congress with socialist ideology.

ii. When was the first trade union founded and by whom?

iii. Who pioneered the Kisan Sabha Movement and when?

iv. When was the day of deliverance observed by the Muslim League and why?

v. Name two Hindu communal organizations.

vi. State one reason which led to the formation of the Kisan Sabha.

2. Working of provincial autonomy:

i. What were the main features of the provincial autonomy?

ii. Assess the functioning of the Congress ministries after the Election of 1937-1939.

iii. Name the provinces where the Congress did not win a majority in the election of 1939.

iv. Which political party formed ministries in a majority of province after the Election of 1937?

3.NATIONAL MOVEMENT DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR:

i. Why did the Congress ministers resign from the government in 1939?

ii. What was Atlee’s Declaration?

iii. What is the significance of the Lahore session of the Muslim League?

iv. What is the significance of 8 th August 1942, in the history of India?

v. What were the main proposals of the Cabinet Mission Plan?

vi. What led to the observance of Direct Action Day by the Muslim League, on August 16, 1946?

vii. Under what national and international circumstances was the Cripps Mission sent to India in 1942? State any four proposals of the Cripps Mission Plan.

viii. Give an account of the repressive measures adopted by the Government to supress theQuit India Movement

4.SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE AND THE INA:

i. Give an account of the revival of the INA and its contribution to India’s struggle for freedom under Subhash Chandra Bose.

ii. Which political party was formed by Subhash Chandra Bose and when?

iii. Name the leader who organized the Indian Independence League.

5.TRANSFER OF POWER:

i. State the main provisions of the Indian Independence Act.

ii. Why was the Mountbatten Plan accepted by the Congress?

iii. Why did the British government change their attitude after the Second World War?

iv. Why did the Muslim League withdraw its support of the Cabinet Mission Plan?

v. Why was Lord Mountbatten sent to India?

vi. What led to the observance of ‘Direct Action Day’ by the Muslim League on 16 th August 1946?