Lesson 1: Study of the first element – Hydrogen

SCOPE :

Position of the non-metal (Hydrogen) in the periodic table and general group characteristics with reference to valency electrons, burning, ion formation applied to the above-mentioned element. (i) Hydrogen from: water, dilute acids and alkalis.

(a) Hydrogen from water:

• The action of cold water on sodium potassium and calcium.

• The action of hot water on magnesium.

• The action of steam on aluminium, zinc, and iron; (reversibility of reaction between iron and steam).

• The action of steam on non-metal (carbon). Students can be shown the action of sodium and calcium on water in the laboratory. They must be asked to make observations and write equations for the above reactions. Application of activity series for the above-mentioned reactions.

(b) Displacement of hydrogen from dilute acids.

The action of dilute sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid on metals: Mg, Al, Zn and Fe . (To understand reasons for not using other metals and dilute nitric acid.)

(c) Displacement of hydrogen from alkalis.

(i) The action of Alkalis ((NaOH, KOH) on Al, Zn and Pb – unique nature of these elements.

(ii) The preparation and collection of hydrogen by a standard laboratory method other than electrolysis. In the laboratory preparation, the reason for using zinc, the impurities in the gas, their removal and the precautions in the collection of the gas must be mentioned.

(iii) Industrial manufacture of hydrogen by Bosch process.

• Main reactions and conditions.

• Separation of CO₂ and CO from hydrogen.

(iv) Oxidation and reduction reactions. Differences in terms of addition and removal of oxygen / hydrogen.

Lesson 3 : Useful Links on Atomic Structure